Personal Reflection .. Continue (car parking) Essay

Personal Reflection .. Continue (car parking) - Essay Example We are also going to discover how what implications our different teaching strategies have on the project. We have a list with everyone names and emails . A web site has been created and we are meeting in a chat room .( Private Wiki - ESV222 Development and Change. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23, 2009 ) I have listed the names of our time and their strong points. . My reflections on the chats show that Dylan is the team captain. He is working to get everyone to the chat room and the project completed in a timely manner. (Private Wiki - ESV222 Development and Change. ) The readings in the chat room reveal that Dylan was not planning on being the leader, however, he has the best characteristics. He created the web site and the chat room. He was very instrumental in completing the task of choosing the project. . The role of critical reflection in relation to the team project can be seen in the discussion in the chat room when we were choosing the topic of the project. Dylan listed for this idea to the group in the chat room "What to do at an intersection - Recognising street signs & road markings - Theory - reading manuals - Parking the car - Dials, Controls, Knobs, Pedals, Mirros etc - Wet and Harsh Conditions". ( Private Wiki - ESV222 Development and Change.

Literature Review Of Tourism In Gujarat

Literature Review Of Tourism In Gujarat Gujarat is a state of India, geographically situated in the western tip of India and surrounded by Arabian Sea coastline. This is the only state that has longest coastline. Pakistan to the north-west borders, Arabian Sea to the southwest, Rajasthan state to the northeast and Madhya Pradesh state to the East. People of the state and the local language are known as Gujarati. The state has some of largest businesses of the India such as diamond, cement, denim cloth manufacturing, grassroots oil refining, agriculture etc. Worlds largest ship braking yard at Alang existed in the Gujarat near Bhavnagar district. Major cities of the state Ahmedabad, Surat, Baroda (Vadodara), Rajkot, Jamnagar, Bhavnagar are playing main roles to grow the economy rates and increasing name and fame for the various businesses in the world. Gujarat state has various factors to attract foreigner as well as national and local tourists. History tourism, Medical tourism, Business tourism, Culture tourism, Adventure tourism and many more are most attractions. Gujarat state has different mode of transportations such as buses, railway, auto and taxies, aeroplane, boat, ship. Above all transportations is easy, cheaper and faster in compare to other states of India. About the political view Gujarat is governed by Legislative Assembly of 182 members, Legislative Assembly members terms is for five years and the administrations of the state is led by the honourable Chief Minister. Main Body Gujarat have different festivals and they play an important role to call foreign tourists, major of the festivals are Diwali, Navratri, Raksha Bandhn, Janmastmi, Holi, Kite Festival and many more. Diwali is the festival of light, on that day lot of sweets are cooked and at the evening people enjoy with fireworks. Navratri is the longest festival of the India and the world as well. It is a nine nights dancing festival, it is called Dandia or Garba. On the festival of Rakshabandhan, sister tie a band on the right hand of her brother, that is a holy band, belief is like the band will defence of the brother. Janmastmi is one of the holiest festivals, because it is the birth day of lord Krishna, the most worshiped god of India. Holi is called a festival of colours, on that day people spoil one to another with different colours. Every 14th of the January is celebrated as a Kite festival, international kite flying contests is also organised in the Gujarat. Most of the contestants are foreig ners. These all festivals are big attractions for foreign tourist. Food, festivals and lifestyle are famous of Gujarat state. Local people are used to eat spicy but very tasty food. Simply thinking and high living is the basic life slogan of them; they are enthusiastic, active, and adventurous. Gujarat is having different communities, such as Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Sikhism, etc. Different religions have different food, belief and lifestyle, tradition and god. Gujarat state is famous for various kind tourisms, such as A) Medical Tourism B) History and Heritage Tourism C) Cultural Tourism D) Business Tourism E) Recreational Tourism F) Spiritual Tourism In detail explanation A) Medical Tourism Medical tourism is a new force of the tourists, who visit abroad for their medication or medical treatment. For an example, dental treatment or surgeries are costly in the United Kingdome but it is very cheap in the India (also in Gujarat) so patient from UK travel to India for their dental medication or surgery is called medical tourism. In Gujarat there are number of hospitals with high tech equipment and numbers of medicines. There are two types of tourists leisure tourists, who travel abroad for their minor treatment that is part of their vacation and tourists travelling especially for their medical treatments. In compare to medical treatment in UK/USA/CANADA/New Zealand, cheaper medical treatment plus airfare, tourist can save excluding the visit cost and accommodation in Gujarat. B) History and Heritage Tourism Gujarat has world-class history and heritage, in previous time, Gujarat was ruled by many kings, they left something as memorable which is known as golden heritage. This historical heritage attracts not only to the national tourists but also tourists from different countries as well. Some of them are world famous tourists places such as Lothal an ancient port city of old age, existed near the river Sabarmati (Ahmedabad city). Dholavira Kutch is a small village, an archaeological site, situated in Kutch district of Gujarat which is surrounded by dessert of Kutch. This is a massive site, belongs to about 5000 years old Mohenjo-Daro Harappan Civilization. Another place is Champaner (The UNESCO -listed world heritage site) this is the one of the most remarkable archaeological site of the Gujarat with Hindu temples and step wells, existed nearby Pavagadh (about 70kms from Vadodara a metropolitan city). Rani-Ki-Vav (step well) was built in the 11th century, It was built by Queen Udyamat i as a memory of her husband King Bhimdev. It has seven galleries which are laid out in east-west direction. Steps corridors and wall-borders are carved with divine glory and deep understanding. That is established near Patan Taluka Mahesana district of Gujarat. These all sites are just examples of old age time and now they are under preservation because of famous historical tourists places. D) Business Tourism Gujarat earned name and fame in the world for its business sector. Many of them are in worlds top ten business, for example, diamond industries in the Surat city is the biggest diamond production hub of the world even though there is no any diamond mine found. Gujarat state has worlds 2nd largest grassroots refinery. Biggest cement productions plants, biggest denim production plants that is why Gujarat is known as the Manchester of the East and Denim city. One of the states of India produce and export cotton in largest amount, Gujarat is worlds 3rd largest denim producer. This state has fastest growth of economy, especially in the chemical sector; it has a complete portfolio of chemical products that includes petrochemical and downstream products, dyes and intermediates. Gujarat has also big name for the producing pharmaceuticals, this is the most developed and the same type competitive sector with about 3245 manufacturing license and 42% pharmaceutical turnover of the India and 22% of Indias export. Not only industries are increasing the economy of the Gujarat but the agriculture is supporting same type. Cotton, sugarcane, banana, onion, potatoes, groundnuts (peanuts), grains and beans are the main corps of Gujarat. There is a long queue of foreign investors to invest in the state, by that way Gujarat has been earning business tourism income, and expanding economy growth. C) Recreational Tourism Festival is the synonym of recreation, when Gujarat has numbers of festival. Fairs are organised during some festivals, and those fairs are most attraction of tourists. Many if fairs are famous in tourist list, namely Bhavnath Fair, Kavant Fair, the grant fair -Vautha, Shamlaji Fair, and Tarnetar Fair. During those fair there are various activities and competitions are organised. People get together at a place of fair and enjoy different food, shopping, rides and colours. Fairs are most famous among national and local tourists rather than foreigners. Except the fairs Gujarat state has wildlife and adventurous forests. Gujarat is 7.46% covered by forest, Gir (Junagadh District) is the most famous forest and the only home of Asiatic Lions, outside Africa this forest in Gujarat is only natural habitat of lions and hot spot of foreigner as well as national tourists. D) Spiritual Tourism Gujarat has several of devotional places which attract tourism. Most of them are Hindus holy places; they visit at least once in their lifetime. Their religious belief and devotional interest influence to the foreigners and mostly western people. It makes them to visit those holy places too. Dwarkashish temple at Dwarka, Dakor temple, Somnath, Gopnath, Ambaji, Girnar those are holy places for spiritual tourism. Conclusion Gujarat is the state of India, I can say, has numbers of tourists visit in a year. Except of the tourists places mostly the state is well known for the food, festivals, people their life style. Mainly foreign tourists influence by the state because of geographical location and having suitable atmosphere. Simple life style but high quality food influences them more to visit it often. Honesty, enthusiasm, calm and humbleness are the natural in the temperament of Gujarati people. Various type of tourism is involved in a same place that is the awesome thing in the Gujarat. This state has been changing to the infrastructure. Latest technologies and equipment keep the state update all the time. Most admiral thing is Gujarat state remain safe while facing many natural disasters. Even there is none any major damages or harm in the history of the state. Tourism is a very big developing sector of the Gujarat state. Longest coastline attracts to the foreigners, moreover cosmopolitan cities, long river banks, colourful festivals, food with novelty but unchanged culture, speedy-easy but cheapest transportation system those are all main sources for to has success and vibrant tourism spot. That is why Gujarat is called VIBRANT GUJARAT.

God Versus Man in Sophocles Antigone Essay example -- Antigone essays

God Versus Man in Antigone  Ã‚     Ã‚   Throughout Sophocles’ drama, Antigone, there are many themes that can be traced. One of the most predominant themes is god versus man, which appears not only in Antigone, but also in many of the classic Greek tragedies written in Sophocles’ time. Choragos:  There is no happiness where there is no wisdom;    No wisdom but in submission to the gods.    Big words are always punished,    And proud men in old age learn to be wise.   (158) The quotation above serves as the moral for this tragedy, which includes an illustration of the theme as it was applied to the play.   In the drama, Antigone, the theme of the inner struggle between allegiance to human law versus divine law can best be seen through Antigone’s reverence for the gods in relation to her actions, Kreon’s realization of the effects of his selfish pride, and the people of Thebes’ observations about Kreon’s decisions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antigone has the most direct struggles with human law and a higher law in the drama, for it is the application of this theme that decides her fate.   Faced with the decision to defy the King and properly bury her brother, Polyneices, or leave his body unprepared for death as Kreon wished, she chose to obey the wishes of the gods and bury him.   At the time of the drama, the Greeks believed that a decent burial was essential for the soul to be at rest.   Kreon accused Polyneices of fighting against his own country and forbade all citizens of Thebes to prepare his body.   Instead, it was left to decay on the field on which he was killed.   When Antigone first hears this news, she immediately reacts by telling her sister, Ismene, that she wants Polyneices’ soul to be at rest, and th... ...edited by Dudley, Lavinia P. et alii. New York:Americana Corporation, 1957. vol. 2. Segal, Charles Paul. â€Å"Sophocles’ Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone.† In Sophocles: A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Sophocles. Antigone, Trans. by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald. Adventures in Appreciation/Pegasus Edition. Orlando: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Publishers, 1989. â€Å"Sophocles† In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984. Woodard, Thomas. Introduction. In Sophocles: A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Watling, E. F.. Introduction. In Sophocles: The Theban Plays, translated by E. F. Watling. New York: Penguin Books, 1974.

Emile Durkheim’s Theory of Crime and Crime Causation Essay

Abstract The concept of â€Å"crime† has over the ages been subject to various definitions as the society tries to address it. Criminology is thus the study of crime and crime causation. It concerns itself with understanding the deep essence of crime as an act or omission, and all the reasons behind its occurrence. In this pursuit, criminology draws on various other fields such as sociology, biology, psychology, etc. This field of study is often argued to be a subdivision of sociology which the larger field since its main focus is grounded in social realities. Hence, during the twentieth century, the sociological approach to crime was the most influential, thus scholars such Emile DURKHEIM bought about considerable impact to the common perception of crime. He was a French sociologist who, viewing the whole society as a reality, perceived crime as a mere element of the society; a completely natural phenomenon and which serves certain significant functions. This work is therefore intended to, throughout a concise discussion, explicate and analyze the theory of crime and its causation as perceived by Emile Durkheim, mainly considering its natural and functional characteristics. †Emile DURKHEIM (1858-1971) viewed inequality as a natural and inevitable human condition that is not associated with social maladies such as crime unless there is also a breakdown of social norms or rules† Explain and Assess Durkheim’s theory on crime and crime causation. Introduction Criminology is understood to be the study of crime and crime causation as social phenomena; it thus concerns itself with the study of the causes of crime and the treatment of the offenders.1 In this pursuit, criminology, as a subdivision of sociology2, draws on many fields inter alia psychology, biology, anthropology, etc. In the twentieth century, the sociological approach to criminology became the most influential approach; this is basically the study of social behavior, systems, and structures. 3 Emile DURKHEIM, a French sociologist, is amongst the scholars who exerted great influence on criminology during that period. He, unlike other scholars, both in and outside the field of sociology, perceived criminal behaviors as normal part of all societies. No society, he argued, can ever have complete uniformity of moral consciousness4, and thus, there has always been some deviant characters from the commonly accepted moral values. This write-up is therefore intended to briefly explicate and analyze the theory on crime and its causation as observed by E. Durkheim. Scholars in almost all the fields (related to criminology in particular) before and after Durkheim have endeavored to find the cause for crimes. In this regard, they have attempted to find the causation of criminal behavior in different factors, including external factors such as in natural and supernatural forces,5 climate, economic conditions, density of population or  certain ecological areas.6 In contrast to all the above factors, Durkheim maintained that the only explanation in relation to crime causation is to be found in essentially looking into ‘the very nature of the society’.7 In this respect, he was convinced that the individual is rather ‘a product’ than an ‘author’ of the society; he is, otherwise, a small image of the world in which he lives, hence, the causation of his behaviors, be they criminal or not, could be found only by understanding the society in which he lives. For E. Durkheim, crime is therefore immanent in society an d results from social interaction. Simply put, criminality proceeds from nothing but the very nature of humanity itself and, far from being transcendent, it is immanent.8 In his writings, Durkheim emphasizes on the immanence of crime; its causation as solely based upon the material world. Rejecting all definitions of crimes, as per the commonsense of any society, as acts that are harmful to society, Durkheim observes that all crimes, as a common characteristic, consist in acts universally disapproved of by members of each society; they shock sentiments, which, for a given society, are found in all healthy consciences. 9 Put simply, a crime is a deviant behavior only because it goes against social norms. From this perspective, arguably, the French sociologist seems to In reference to the pre-classical school of criminology whereby crime causation was understood as based upon supernatural forces, i.e. forces beyond the natural or human capacities. Adopt the legal definition of crime, as any act that the law makes punishable.10 However, unlike the proponents of that legal definition, he hold the view that the said act punishable by the law serves a significant social function which is to support and reassure the same social norms or  laws of a society. From the above elements, one would deduce that according to this theory, a crime is, arguably, a paradoxical phenomenon. Durkheim, the theorist, suggests that a crime is normally caused by or results from social interactions, and it is not deviant per se unless so declared by the laws or social norms. This is arguably Durkheim’s eminence in the field of criminology which rests upon his broad approach to anti-social behavior.11 However, it will be worth remembering that Durkheim, after identifying the essence of crime and causation, he went further to attribute to this phenomenon a certain function. This is what makes him different from all the scholars in the field of criminology. He observed that, not only is crime something normal in societies, it also plays some significant function. The Normality and Functionality of Crime Unlike other social scientists before and after him, Durkheim maintains that criminality is Normal factor rather than a Pathological one.12 Especially in current societies, this might seem really strange. According to Durkheim, crime is normal because a society the society cannot get rid of it; it is utterly impossible for a society to exempt from criminality. He argues that it is a phenomenon, not due to any imperfection of human nature or society, but from the  normal course of affairs in that given society. Hence, it is the fundamental conditions of the social organization that logically imply it. Crime is hence all a part of the totality of a society. The criminal behavior is a behavior completely normal like any other and thus its complete eradication is quite impossible. Durkheim articulates; â€Å"A society exempt  from it (crime) would necessitate a standardization of the moral concepts of all individuals which is neither possible nor desirable.†14 From this contention, one would concur with Durkheim on the fact that a society cannot get ride with or completely eradicate criminality. The criminal justice system is well-set, not to completely eradicate criminality, but to try as much as they can to reduce its level. Furthermore, Durkheim was of the view that crime serves a non-negligible role within the society. The social function he attributes to crime is inextricably linked with the society’s legal system, in that it supports or reassures the social norms of the society by the fact that it is considered as going against the said norms.15 One of the main justifications for his belief is that the fact that crime is found in all society simply suggests that it must be performing some necessary functions; otherwise it would have degrading over the ages and by the end of the day, abolished in an advanced society. 16 One of the most effective and necessary functions, he argued, crime plays is ‘social change’.17 Crime could be considered as one of the effective sources of change in a society. This could be exemplified by, in line with his definition of crime, the events that happened in the United States with the Anti-miscegenation Laws that promoted racial segregation.18 These laws began being violated as the American society progressed, it reached a point where, in violation those laws (social norms), many people started having inter-racial relationships. To some extent, the violation of those social norms, which could be regarded as crime, brought about social change in the US. Durkheim further argues that without crime, there could be no evolution in law.19 For instance, every individual’s right to express himself should be guaranteed for any society to progress. Hence, the opportunity for a genius or an artist to carry out his work affords the criminal his originality at a lower level.20 Thus, there has to be a certain evolution of the laws in order to face such situation from time to time. He further drew some analogy to the trial of Socrates; â€Å"According to the Athenian Law, Socrates was a criminal, and his condemnation was more than just. However, his crime, namely, the independence of his thought, rendered a service both to his country and the humanity.†21 In terms of evolution of the laws, this trial that occurred in the ancient ages is significant. From the above contentions, one would thus say, that crime should no longer be conceived as an evil that cannot be repressed. It should be considered, instead, as a normal phenomenon which can be faced for purposes of reducing its rate in the society. Conclusion Crime, according to Durkheim, is a normal phenomenon in the society that at the same time serves certain social functions. This paper emphasized on the fact that, unlike other scholars in the field of criminology, Durkheim perceived crime in, arguably, a kind of paradoxical manner in the sense that he started by defining crime as being caused by social interactions. For him, it is an act caused by social interaction, which (act) is not a crime per se, but it one becomes after being so declared by the social norms. He however recognized the negative part of crime, anyway, by conceding that crime is an act that shocks sentiments, which, for a given society, are found in all healthy consciences. He finally suggests that, without condoning crime or presenting apology for it, crime must no longer be conceived as an evil that the society could be exempted from, but rather a reality that exists as part of the society to members of the society can react through punishment.22 Therefore, in stating that crime could be perceived as merely a normal and natural element, he conceived the whole society as reality which is meant to move and evolve. BIBLIOGRAPHY Black’s Law Dictionary; (8th Ed. 2004). West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. S.v. â€Å"Criminology.† Retrieved July 27 2014 from http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Criminology Durkheim, E. The Rules of Sociological Method, Edited by G. E. Gatlin, 1938. http://kpulawandsociety.wordpress.com/2012/10/18/durkheim-crime-serves-asocial-function/; Retrieved on July 27, 2014. Hamlin, J. The Normality of Crime. Durkheim and Erikson, Department of Sociology and Anthropology. UMD (2009). Walter A. Lunden; Pioneers in Criminology XVI–Emile Durkheim (1858-1917); Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. Vol. 49|Issue 1, Article II (1958). Prins, A., Criminalite et Repression, Bruxelles, 1886. http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/sociology/introduction-to-deviance/reviseit/deviance-durkheims-contribution. Retrieved on July 27, 2014.

The Agee Pyrex Advertisement Is a Reflection of the Social Attitudes

The Agee Pyrex advertisement was aimed towards the general public of the late 1940s, indicating a reflection of the social attitudes of that time period. The content of the advertisement expresses and clearly implies the values and principles that existed during the mid-20th century. Notable aspects include the role of the sexes in society, the prosperous post-war economic boom and the logical nature of gift. Men and women had their standard roles in society and they were clearly specified in the Agee Pyrex advertisement.As we note in the image, the lady is in a kneeling position looking up at the gentleman who assumed a dominant and assertive stance with hands in his pant pockets. The late 1940s household structure and societal norms depicted males as the carer, provider and generally the head of the household, while the woman took up the role as the domestic caretaker of the children, the food and the housekeeping. The illustration portrayed the Pyrex dish being the gift to the wom an from the man.This indication brings us back to the male being the supplier and the woman as a housewife (Pyrex dish for cooking), reflecting the social attitudes of the late 1940s. Immediately following the Second World War, a huge economic surge to the West, most notably the United States, provided a boost in consumerism. Also known as the Golden Age of Capitalism, the States experience unusually high and sustained financial growth.The Pyrex advertisement, which advertises kitchenware, would’ve been very common and extremely reflective of the public outlook at that time. The context of the advertisement states that Pyrex dishes would make excellent gifts, and without monetary stability, gifts would’ve been very uncommon, if not rare. Again, we can deduce this advertisement is an exceptional representation of the 1940s society. There are also many minor details and factors in the Pyrex advertisement that suggests the social attitudes of the late 1940s.The most signi ficant being the attire of the lady and gentleman. We observe that their clothing is very conservative, formal and quite sensible. A chequered suit with a shirt and tie would most definitely express a common gentleman of the mid-20th century, as would the female’s dark coloured dress with pearl necklaces convey a standard lady of that era. Another aspect noted is the pipe and the cigarette. The late 1940s would demonstrate that smoking was for the people with class.Yet we cannot help but notice that the woman has a filtered cigarette while the man puffs on an old-school pipe. This further narrows down to the late 1940s, where this would’ve been common among the public. The roles of the sexes in the advertisement are portrayed to the late 1940s in the advertisement. The post-war prosperity, positivity and sensibility is also shown in the advertisement. It is now apparent that through the visualisation and the context of the Agee Pyrex advertisement is a reflection of th e social attitudes of the late 1940s.